ABSTRACT: Since 2004, when the World Anti-Doping Agency assumed the responsibility for establishing and maintaining the list of prohibited substances and methods in sport (i.e. the Prohibited List), cannabinoids have been prohibited in all sports during competition. The basis for this prohibition can be found in the World Anti-Doping Code, which defines the three criteria ... Continue Reading
Cannabis dependence
STUDY: In Vitro Stability of Free and Glucuronidated Cannabinoids in Urine Following Controlled Smoked Cannabis
ABSTRACT: Analyte stability is an important factor in urine test interpretation, yet cannabinoid stability data are limited. A comprehensive study of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), cannabidiol, cannabinol, THC-glucuronide, and THCCOOH-glucuronide stabilities in authentic urine was completed. Urine samples after ad ... Continue Reading
STUDY: Oral fluid cannabinoid concentrations following controlled smoked cannabis in chronic frequent and occasional smokers
ABSTRACT: Background Oral fluid (OF) is an alternative biological matrix for monitoring cannabis intake in drug testing, and drugged driving (DUID) programs, but OF cannabinoid test interpretation is challenging. Controlled cannabinoid administration studies provide a scientific database for interpreting cannabinoid OF tests. Methods We compared differences in OF ... Continue Reading
STUDY: Cannabinoid Stability in Authentic Oral Fluid after Controlled Cannabis Smoking
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND Defining cannabinoid stability in authentic oral fluid (OF) is critically important for result interpretation. There are few published OF stability data, and of those available, all employed fortified synthetic OF solutions or elution buffers; none included authentic OF following controlled cannabis smoking. METHODS An expectorated OF pool and a ... Continue Reading
STUDY: Disposition of Cannabinoids in Oral Fluid after Controlled Around-the-Clock Oral THC Administration
ABSTRACT: Background Oral fluid, a promising alternative matrix for drug monitoring in clinical and forensic investigations, offers noninvasive sample collection under direct observation. Cannabinoid distribution into oral fluid is complex and incompletely characterized due to the lack of controlled drug administration studies. Methods To characterize cannabinoid ... Continue Reading